Konuşmada "bu yüzden" için so yeter: It rained, so we stayed home. Raporda, e-postada ya da sınav metninde aynı işi daha güçlü kelimeler yapar: Therefore, Consequently, As a result.
1so mu, therefore mu?
KONUŞMA
Sales fell,sowe cut costs
YAZI
Sales fell.Therefore,we cut costs
Satışlar düştü. Bu nedenle maliyetleri kıstık.
Sales fell. Therefore, we cut costs.
Yol kapalıydı. Sonuç olarak geç kaldık.
The road was closed. Consequently, we were late.
Bütün hafta yağdı. Bunun sonucunda maç iptal edildi.
It rained all week. As a result, the match was canceled.
Türkçe "…, bu nedenle …" diye tek cümlede bağlayabilir; İngilizcede tek cümlede virgülden sonra so gelir, therefore gelmez.
2Başka yerler, daha resmî kelimeler
Fiyatlar arttı; bunun sonucunda insanlar daha az harcadı.
Prices went up; as a result, people spent less.
Bu nedenle yeni bir tedarikçi bulmalıyız.
We must therefore find a new supplier.
Veriler eksik. Dolayısıyla henüz karar veremeyiz.
The data is incomplete. Hence, we cannot decide yet.
Noktalı virgülden sonra kelime küçük harfle başlar; therefore fiilin önünde de durabilir. thus (böylece) ve hence (dolayısıyla) daha resmîdir, akademik yazıda sıktır.
3Sıra sana
İki cümleyi istenen kelimeyle birleştir, sonra altındaki cevaplara bak.
- The store was closed. We couldn't buy anything. (Therefore)
- He ate too much. He felt sick. (As a result)
- The roads were icy. Many schools were closed. (Consequently)
- The printer is broken. We cannot print the report. (noktalı virgül + therefore)
Cevaplar: Therefore, we couldn't buy anything. · As a result, he felt sick. · Consequently, many schools were closed. · The printer is broken; therefore, we cannot print the report.
Sık yapılan hatalar
✗Sales fell, therefore we cut costs.
✓Sales fell. Therefore, we cut costs.
therefore virgülle bağlamaz; önünde nokta.
✗As result, the match was canceled.
✓As a result, the match was canceled.
Kalıpta a var.
✗We were late. Therefore, the road was closed.
✓The road was closed. Therefore, we were late.
Önce sebep, sonra sonuç.