"I can come to your party," dedi Ali. Parti geçti; şimdi bunu aktarırken: Ali said he could come to my party. Fiiller nasıl bir adım geri gidiyorsa yardımcılar da gider; ama hepsi değil.
1Kayan ve kaymayan
KAYAR
"I can swim."→ He said he could swim
KAYMAZ
"I should go."→ She said she should go
| Doğrudan | Aktarma |
|---|---|
| can | could: He said he could swim. |
| will | would: She said she would call. |
| may | might: He said it might rain. |
| shall (öneri) | should: He asked if he should help. |
| must (zorunluluk) | had to (ya da must): He said he had to leave. |
| could, would, should, might | aynı kalır: She said she should go. |
| must (çıkarım) | aynı kalır: She said it must be true. |
Türkçe böyle bir kayma yapmaz: yüzebildiğini söyledi, arayacağını söyledi.
2Örnekler
- "I can swim." → He said he could swim."Yüzebiliyorum." → Yüzebildiğini söyledi.
- "I'll call you." → She said she would call me."Seni ararım." → Beni arayacağını söyledi.
- "It may rain." → He said it might rain."Yağmur yağabilir." → Yağmur yağabileceğini söyledi.
- "I must leave." → He said he had to leave."Gitmeliyim." → Gitmesi gerektiğini söyledi.
- "Shall I help?" → He asked if he should help."Yardım edeyim mi?" → Yardım edip etmemesi gerektiğini sordu.
3Sıra sana
Aktar (durum geçti), sonra altındaki cevaplara bak.
- "I can drive." (Ali)
- "We will be late." (they)
- "It may snow." (the forecaster)
- "I must finish it today." (she)
Cevaplar: Ali said he could drive. · They said they would be late. · The forecaster said it might snow. · She said she had to finish it that day.
Sık yapılan hatalar
✗Last year he said he can come to my wedding. (düğün geçti)
✓Last year he said he could come to my wedding.
Durum geçti: kayma şart.
✗He said he musted leave.
✓He said he had to leave.
must'ın geçmişi yok: had to.
✗She asked me if she shall help.
✓She asked me if she should help.
Öneri sorusunda shall → should.